Birthmarks are markings on the skin that occurred while in utero that are now presented on the skin post birth. These markings can also develop shortly after birth. Birthmarks can vary in color, size, and placement on the body. Typically, they are red, pink, brown, blueish, or white in color. Some birthmarks may stay on a child’s skin all throughout childhood and into adulthood, while others may fade over time.
WHAT CAUSES BIRTHMARKS?
The etiology of birthmarks is not completely known. What is known however is that some birth markings develop in utero when blood vessels do not properly form or when melanocytes (the cells that give skin their color) clump together and form a skin marking. Children that are born premature and those who are born with multiples (i.e. twins or triplets) tend to form birthmarks compared to other singlet and full term infants. Certain medical conditions may also present with birthmarks.
TREATING BIRTHMARKS
Most birthmarks do not require any treatment and only close follow up is warranted to ensure that the markings have not grown in size or cause the child any discomfort or deficit. Some birthmarks such as hemangiomas or other markings that can affect a child’s self-esteem, and may benefit from treatment. Treatments include topical or oral beta blockers, lasers, steroids, and surgery.
